Height above ground, structural openness, row spacing, and orientation determine whether rear-side irradiance is physically accessible. In dense, low-clearance layouts, rear-side potential often remains theoretical.

In contrast, high-clearance, narrow, single-row architectures allow reflected and diffuse radiation to reach the rear surface throughout the day, turning bifacial capability into effective energy input.

Orientation further defines system relevance. East–West single-row layouts redistribute generation in time: enhancing morning and late-afternoon output while reducing midday concentration. This temporal shift aligns production more closely with typical demand profiles, lowers curtailment exposure, and reduces pressure on short-duration storage without relying on operational intervention.

At high penetration levels, these effects directly influence system cost. Storage capacity, ramping requirements, grid congestion, and reserve margins increasingly dominate total LCOE. Architecture that moderates peaks and extends useful generation windows can materially reduce these flexibility costs.

Structural logic also matters over decades. Simplified load paths, clear boundary conditions, and statically determinate arrangements limit stress accumulation from tolerances, settlement, and thermal cycles. This improves long-term reliability, safety margins, and predictability of operating costs—factors that become critical at national scale.

The key point is not technology preference, but system behavior.
Bifacial performance emerges from geometry, not from datasheets. When photovoltaic systems are designed around height, openness, and time-aligned generation, bifaciality becomes a tool for improving grid integration rather than merely increasing annual yield.

A more detailed technical analysis of this system-level approach is summarized in the attached note.